Saturday, 5 October 2019

Library of Congress Bought Gandharan Scroll


American hypocrisy in the heart of Washington, an ancient scroll with patchy collecting history is "made public" (Allen Kim, 'A rare 2,000-year-old scroll about the early years of Buddhism is made public', CNN July 30, 2019). Whoopee, eh?
The Library of Congress made public a rare 2,000-year-old text of early Buddhism on Monday, and it offers a glimpse into early Buddhist history during its formative years. The scroll originated in Gandhara, an ancient Buddhist region in northern Afghanistan and Pakistan [...] Although the manuscript itself is too fragile for public display, by digitizing the text, the library is able to share this important piece of history with the public.
2000 years old takes it to the first decades of the current era (19AD precisely). The interest to Jonathan Loar, reference librarian in the Asian Division at the Library of Congress?
"This is a unique item because it is very old compared to similar manuscripts and, as such, it does bring us, historically speaking, relatively close to the lifetime of the Buddha"
So the same motive that drives all those US collectors of real and fake optimistically-dated Gospel manuscript fragments. But the Buddha died somewhere around 400 BC - so nearly half a millennium before the LoC scroll. Where did it come from? The article says:
Purchased in 2003 from a private collector, the scroll is one of the most complicated and fragile pieces that the Library of Congress has ever treated. It took conservators several years to devise a treatment strategy, and they practiced unrolling techniques on dried-up cigars. The treatment of the text would've never been possible if not for the unique conditions in which it was stored. "One reason is that Gandharan scrolls, like the one at the Library of Congress, were typically buried in terra cotta jars and interred in a stupa, a dome-shaped structure often containing Buddhist texts or relics," Loar said. "Another reason is that the relatively high, arid climate of the Gandharan region helps preserve materials like manuscripts on birch bark." 
So it was bought rolled up, not from a dealer, but an unnamed 'private collector' but then, as an item that had been displayed in an old collection, but as a roll that had been obtained by smashing jars buried under stupas? And what happened to the stupa? This is the dodgiest of dodgy 'collecting histories' - and the object is housed in the centre of US government in the Library of Congress. Was it from the same looted stash as the Schoyen manuscripts?  sold in London between the summer of 1996 and 2000?

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